[release-2.8] ✨ feat: add amazon-linux-2023 ami lookup parameters for ssm

[k8s-infra-cherrypick-robot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #5517

/assign dlipovetsky

✨ Added support for Amazon Linux 2023 and Amazon Linux 2023 GPU AMI lookup in EKS optimized AMI workflow.

[dlipovetsky]

/approve

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[dlipovetsky]

/lgtm

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Git tree hash: 9f374d58fb1a536c950161a5b4bc5a9a1de2b866

[matzegebbe]

Hey! Sorry, I completely overlooked the PR #5553.

If I spin up nodes now with AmazonLinux2003 set, they are unable to join the cluster because /etc/eks/bootstrap.sh no longer works. We’ll need to wait for #5553.

spec:
  template:
    spec:
      iamInstanceProfile: nodes.cluster-api-provider-aws.sigs.k8s.io
      ami:
        eksLookupType: AmazonLinux2023
 ...

Apologies for not testing thoroughly before changing the AMI image - the machine itself does spin up, though.