Add severity-based and trace-based log record processors

[trask]

See alternative in #4612

Some related prior discussions:

• Stabilize Logger.Enabled #4208 (comment)
• Specify how Logs SDK implements Enabled #4207 (comment)

Java POC @ open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java#7520

Here's an example of how it would look like to use both of these in declarative configuration:

file_format: "1.0"

logger_provider:
  processors:
    - minimum_severity_filter:
        severity: "ERROR"
        delegate:
          trace_based_filter:
            delegate:
              batch:
                exporter:
                  otlp:
                    endpoint: "http://localhost:4317"

[cijothomas]

nit: Could we update the desc of this to make it more obvious that if the log is emitted outside any active spans, then they are not subject to filtering?

[trask]

rewrote, ptal

[cijothomas]

Looks good overall! Waiting to undraft!

[trask]

Based on discussion in today's spec SIG meeting, I am going to proceed with #4612 instead