gh-138270: Use PyUnicodeWriter in csv.writer

[maurycy]

The purpose of this PR is not performance but using the modern https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/unicode.html#c.PyUnicodeWriter API, similarly to gh-125196.

There's a risk that the code is slower, as it turned out in gh-133968. I'd prefer optimizing it after getting an ack that this is the correct direction.

Similarly to #138214 (comment), I'm not sure what is the best benchmarking strategy, besides a simple snippet. Perhaps we need https://github.com/nineteendo/jsonyx-performance-tests but for CSV.

I believe that csv.reader (ReaderObj) could also use PyUnicodeWriter. If my thinking is sound, if there's any interest and this code is OK, I can handle it.

• Issue: csv module should use PyUnicodeWriter #138270

[maurycy]

cc @vstinner

[picnixz]

Please:

• don't add comments for self-explanatory code;
• follow PEP-7 for C code;
• revert unrelated changes;
• provide benchmarks to show whether this speeds things up or not.

[picnixz]

Don't change this.

[picnixz]

Why are those now needed?

[bedevere-app]

A Python core developer has requested some changes be made to your pull request before we can consider merging it. If you could please address their requests along with any other requests in other reviews from core developers that would be appreciated.

Once you have made the requested changes, please leave a comment on this pull request containing the phrase I have made the requested changes; please review again. I will then notify any core developers who have left a review that you're ready for them to take another look at this pull request.

[picnixz]

And yes, it could be meaningful to use PyUnicodeWriter instead of manual buffer constructions, but we need to check if this really improves things or not before deciding whether we can do it.

[maurycy]

Marking this as a draft.

There's performance regression:

Benchmark	bench_csv_writer.main	bench_csv_writer.csv-writer-pyunicodewriter
writerows 10 integer rows	10.6 us	12.1 us: 1.14x slower
writerows 10 complex string rows	6.64 us	7.98 us: 1.20x slower
writerows 1000 integer rows	964 us	1.11 ms: 1.15x slower
writerows 1000 complex string rows	575 us	699 us: 1.22x slower
writerows 10000 integer rows	9.76 ms	11.1 ms: 1.14x slower
writerows 10000 complex string rows	5.69 ms	6.95 ms: 1.22x slower
Geometric mean	(ref)	1.18x slower

The script:

import csv
import io
import pyperf

runner = pyperf.Runner()

INT_ROW = list(range(10))
COMPLEX_STRING_ROW = ['a,b', 'c"d', 'e\nf'] * 3 + ['ghi']

def write_the_rows(rows):
    f = io.StringIO()
    writer = csv.writer(f)
    writer.writerows(rows)

for num_rows in (10, 1_000, 10_000, ):
    int_rows = [INT_ROW] * num_rows
    complex_rows = [COMPLEX_STRING_ROW] * num_rows

    runner.bench_func(
        f'writerows {num_rows} integer rows',
        write_the_rows,
        int_rows
    )

    runner.bench_func(
        f'writerows {num_rows} complex string rows',
        write_the_rows,
        complex_rows
    )

There are two obvious issues:

• naive PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(), while PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring() is possible sometimes.
• two pass (present also in the current version, though).

I need some time to address it, perhaps with jumping similar to gh-138214.

[vstinner]

It would be interesting to try calling WriteSubstring() at once rather than writing characters one by one.