Fix LaTeX compilation error with Python error output containing caret characters

[cderv]

When rendering Python code cells with syntax errors to PDF, LaTeX compilation would fail with:

Undefined control sequence.
<argument>                       \textasciicaret
                                      {}
l.231 ...2}{                      \textasciicaret{}}

Root Cause

The ANSI escape code handling in src/resources/filters/quarto-post/latex.lua used an incorrect LaTeX command \textasciicaret{} when escaping caret characters (^). This command does not exist in LaTeX.

The correct command from the textcomp package is \textasciicircum{} (already loaded in Quarto templates).

Fix

Changed line 605 of src/resources/filters/quarto-post/latex.lua to use \textasciicircum{} instead of \textasciicaret{}. Single-character typo fix.

Added comprehensive smoke-all test with Python syntax error output containing caret characters to prevent regression.

Fixes #13667

[posit-snyk-bot]

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