uefi: Add safe protocol wrapper for EFI_ATA_PASS_THRU_PROTOCOL

[seijikun]

Update Latest API discussions

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Implemented a safe API wrapper for EFI_ATA_PASS_THRU_PROTOCOL [1d3de7f0-0807-424f-aa69-11a54e19a46f].
Added an integration-test for it.

This contains a copy of the AlignedBuffer commit from #1589.

This uses the iterator/mutable design I suggested here: #1589 (comment) where the iter method only captures the protocol (AtaPassThru) immutably, but requires you to use the produced element (AtaDevice) in a mutable way for meaningful methods like execute_command.

This closes #244

Checklist

• Sensible git history (for example, squash "typo" or "fix" commits). See the Rewriting History guide for help.
• Update the changelog (if necessary)

[phip1611]

Thank you for your contribution! Left a few remarks

[phip1611]

We're almost there!

[seijikun]

Like with NVMe, I just rebased this MR and split it into more / smaller commits.

One note on the integration test:
I currently don't run the ATA integration tests on the aarch64 and arm architectures. This is because the EDK2 / OVMF UEFI firmware for these targets does not seem to actually support SATA controllers (or at least not the ATA pass thru protocol).
However: Even though I don't run the ATA test on these two platforms currently, I properly configured the qemu hardware with a manually installed SATA controller and an attached test-disk anyhow. So enabling the test later on is just removing the #[cfg] switches

[nicholasbishop]

Added a couple minor comments, otherwise lgtm

[seijikun]

@nicholasbishop I hope I have addressed all of your comments.

The Rust / Test Coverage failure doesn't look like something I can fix 🤔

[phip1611]

I fixed the CI in #1631