Add 'Discount Initial Year Cashflow' parameter for Excel-style NPV calculation [v3.8.4]

.bumpversion.cfg

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [bumpversion]
-current_version = 3.8.0
+current_version = 3.8.4
 commit = True
 tag = True
 

.cookiecutterrc

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ default_context:
     sphinx_doctest: "no"
     sphinx_theme: "sphinx-py3doc-enhanced-theme"
     test_matrix_separate_coverage: "no"
-    version: 3.8.0
+    version: 3.8.4
     version_manager: "bump2version"
     website: "https://github.com/NREL"
     year_from: "2023"

README.rst

@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ Free software: `MIT license <LICENSE>`__
     :alt: Supported implementations
     :target: https://pypi.org/project/geophires-x
 
-.. |commits-since| image:: https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/softwareengineerprogrammer/GEOPHIRES-X/v3.8.0.svg
+.. |commits-since| image:: https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/softwareengineerprogrammer/GEOPHIRES-X/v3.8.4.svg
     :alt: Commits since latest release
-    :target: https://github.com/softwareengineerprogrammer/GEOPHIRES-X/compare/v3.8.0...main
+    :target: https://github.com/softwareengineerprogrammer/GEOPHIRES-X/compare/v3.8.4...main
 
 .. |docs| image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/GEOPHIRES-X/badge/?style=flat
     :target: https://nrel.github.io/GEOPHIRES-X

docs/conf.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 year = '2025'
 author = 'NREL'
 copyright = f'{year}, {author}'
-version = release = '3.8.0'
+version = release = '3.8.4'
 
 pygments_style = 'trac'
 templates_path = ['./templates']

setup.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ def read(*names, **kwargs):
 
 setup(
     name='geophires-x',
-    version='3.8.0',
+    version='3.8.4',
     license='MIT',
     description='GEOPHIRES is a free and open-source geothermal techno-economic simulator.',
     long_description='{}\n{}'.format(

src/geophires_x/Economics.py

@@ -304,12 +304,29 @@ def CalculateCarbonRevenue(model, plant_lifetime: int, construction_years: int,
     return cash_flow_musd, cumm_cash_flow_musd, carbon_that_would_have_been_produced_annually_lbs, carbon_that_would_have_been_produced_total_lbs
 
 
+def calculate_npv(
+    discount_rate_tenths: float,
+    cashflow_series: list,
+    discount_initial_year_cashflow: bool
+) -> float:
+    # TODO warn/raise exception if discount rate > 1 (i.e. it's probably not converted from percent to tenths)
+
+    npv_cashflow_series = cashflow_series.copy()  # Copy to guard against unintentional mutation of consumer field
+
+    if discount_initial_year_cashflow:
+        # Enable Excel-style NPV calculation - see https://github.com/NREL/GEOPHIRES-X/discussions/344
+        npv_cashflow_series = [0, *npv_cashflow_series]
+
+    return npf.npv(discount_rate_tenths, npv_cashflow_series)
+
+
 def CalculateFinancialPerformance(plantlifetime: int,
                                   FixedInternalRate: float,
                                   TotalRevenue: list,
                                   TotalCummRevenue: list,
                                   CAPEX: float,
-                                  OPEX: float):
+                                  OPEX: float,
+                                  discount_initial_year_cashflow: bool = False):
     """
     CalculateFinancialPerformance calculates the financial performance of the project.  It is used to calculate the
     financial performance of the project. It is used to calculate the revenue stream for the project.
@@ -325,6 +342,9 @@ def CalculateFinancialPerformance(plantlifetime: int,
     :type CAPEX: float
     :param OPEX: The total annual operating cost of the project in MUSD
     :type OPEX: float
+    :param discount_initial_year_cashflow: Whether to discount the initial year of cashflow used to calculate NPV
+    :type discount_initial_year_cashflow: bool
+
     :return: NPV: The net present value of the project in MUSD
     :rtype: float
     :return: IRR: The internal rate of return of the project in %
@@ -336,7 +356,8 @@ def CalculateFinancialPerformance(plantlifetime: int,
     :rtype: tuple
     """
     # Calculate financial performance values using numpy financials
-    NPV = npf.npv(FixedInternalRate / 100, TotalRevenue)
+
+    NPV = calculate_npv(FixedInternalRate / 100, TotalRevenue.copy(), discount_initial_year_cashflow)
     IRR = npf.irr(TotalRevenue)
     if math.isnan(IRR):
         IRR = 0.0
@@ -859,6 +880,24 @@ def __init__(self, model: Model):
                         "Discount Rate is synonymous with Fixed Internal Rate. If one is provided, the other's value "
                         "will be automatically set to the same value."
         )
+
+
+        self.discount_initial_year_cashflow = self.ParameterDict[self.discount_initial_year_cashflow.Name] = boolParameter(
+            'Discount Initial Year Cashflow',
+            DefaultValue=False,
+            UnitType=Units.NONE,
+            ToolTipText='Whether to discount cashflow in the initial project year when calculating NPV '
+                        '(Net Present Value). '
+                        'The default value of False conforms to NREL\'s standard convention for NPV calculation '
+                        '(Short W et al, 1995. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/old/5173.pdf). '
+                        'A value of True will, by contrast, cause NPV calculation to follow the convention used by '
+                        'Excel, Google Sheets, and other common spreadsheet software. '
+                        'Although NREL\'s NPV convention may typically be considered more technically correct, '
+                        'Excel-style NPV calculation might be preferred for familiarity '
+                        'or compatibility with existing business processes. '
+                        'See https://github.com/NREL/GEOPHIRES-X/discussions/344 for further details.'
+        )
+
         self.FIB = self.ParameterDict[self.FIB.Name] = floatParameter(
             "Fraction of Investment in Bonds",
             DefaultValue=0.5,
@@ -2881,9 +2920,15 @@ def Calculate(self, model: Model) -> None:
 
         # Calculate more financial values using numpy financials
         self.ProjectNPV.value, self.ProjectIRR.value, self.ProjectVIR.value, self.ProjectMOIC.value = \
-            CalculateFinancialPerformance(model.surfaceplant.plant_lifetime.value, self.FixedInternalRate.value,
-                                          self.TotalRevenue.value, self.TotalCummRevenue.value, self.CCap.value,
-                                          self.Coam.value)
+            CalculateFinancialPerformance(
+                model.surfaceplant.plant_lifetime.value,
+                self.FixedInternalRate.value,
+                self.TotalRevenue.value,
+                self.TotalCummRevenue.value,
+                self.CCap.value,
+                self.Coam.value,
+                self.discount_initial_year_cashflow.value
+            )
 
         # Calculate the project payback period
         self.ProjectPaybackPeriod.value = 0.0   # start by assuming the project never pays back

src/geophires_x/EconomicsAddOns.py

@@ -347,7 +347,12 @@ def Calculate(self, model: Model) -> None:
 
         # Now calculate a new "NPV", "IRR", "VIR", "Payback Period", and "MOIC"
         # Calculate more financial values using numpy financials
-        self.ProjectNPV.value = npf.npv(self.FixedInternalRate.value / 100, self.ProjectCashFlow.value)
+        self.ProjectNPV.value = Economics.calculate_npv(
+            self.FixedInternalRate.value / 100,
+            self.ProjectCashFlow.value.copy(),
+            self.discount_initial_year_cashflow.value
+        )
+
         self.ProjectIRR.value = npf.irr(self.ProjectCashFlow.value)
         if math.isnan(self.ProjectIRR.value):
             self.ProjectIRR.value = 0.0

src/geophires_x/Outputs.py

@@ -1643,7 +1643,12 @@ def PrintOutputs(self, model: Model):
                 f.write(f'      Accrued financing during construction:            {model.economics.inflrateconstruction.value*100:10.2f} ' + model.economics.inflrateconstruction.CurrentUnits.value + NL)
                 f.write(f'      Project lifetime:                              {model.surfaceplant.plant_lifetime.value:10.0f} ' + model.surfaceplant.plant_lifetime.CurrentUnits.value + NL)
                 f.write(f'      Capacity factor:                                 {model.surfaceplant.utilization_factor.value * 100:10.1f} %' + NL)
-                f.write(f'      Project NPV:                                     {model.economics.ProjectNPV.value:10.2f} ' + model.economics.ProjectNPV.PreferredUnits.value + NL)
+
+                e_npv = model.economics.ProjectNPV
+                npv_field_label = Outputs._field_label('Project NPV', 49)
+                # TODO should use CurrentUnits instead of PreferredUnits
+                f.write(f'      {npv_field_label}{e_npv.value:10.2f} {e_npv.PreferredUnits.value}\n')
+
                 f.write(f'      Project IRR:                                     {model.economics.ProjectIRR.value:10.2f} ' + model.economics.ProjectIRR.PreferredUnits.value + NL)
                 f.write(f'      Project VIR=PI=PIR:                              {model.economics.ProjectVIR.value:10.2f}' + NL)
                 f.write(f'      {model.economics.ProjectMOIC.Name}:                                    {model.economics.ProjectMOIC.value:10.2f}' + NL)

src/geophires_x/OutputsAddOns.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def PrintOutputs(self, model) -> tuple:
                 addon_results.append(OutputTableItem('Adjusted Project CAPEX (after incentives, grants, AddOns, etc)', '{0:10.2f}'.format(model.addeconomics.AdjustedProjectCAPEX.value), model.addeconomics.AdjustedProjectCAPEX.PreferredUnits.value))
                 f.write(f"      Adjusted Project OPEX (after incentives, grants, AddOns, etc):    {model.addeconomics.AdjustedProjectOPEX.value:10.2f} " + model.addeconomics.AdjustedProjectOPEX.PreferredUnits.value + NL)
                 addon_results.append(OutputTableItem('Adjusted Project OPEX (after incentives, grants, AddOns, etc)', '{0:10.2f}'.format(model.addeconomics.AdjustedProjectOPEX.value), model.addeconomics.AdjustedProjectOPEX.PreferredUnits.value))
-                f.write(f"      Project NPV   (including AddOns):                                 {model.addeconomics.ProjectNPV.value:10.2f} " + model.addeconomics.ProjectNPV.PreferredUnits.value + NL)
+                f.write(f'      Project NPV   (including AddOns):                                 {model.addeconomics.ProjectNPV.value:10.2f} {model.addeconomics.ProjectNPV.PreferredUnits.value}\n')
                 addon_results.append(OutputTableItem('Project NPV (including AddOns)', '{0:10.2f}'.format(model.addeconomics.ProjectNPV.value), model.addeconomics.ProjectNPV.PreferredUnits.value))
                 f.write(f"      Project IRR   (including AddOns):                                 {model.addeconomics.ProjectIRR.value:10.2f} " + model.addeconomics.ProjectIRR.PreferredUnits.value + NL)
                 addon_results.append(OutputTableItem('Project IRR (including AddOns)', '{0:10.2f}'.format(model.addeconomics.ProjectIRR.value), model.addeconomics.ProjectIRR.PreferredUnits.value))

src/geophires_x/Parameter.py

@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class boolParameter(Parameter):
 
     def __post_init__(self):
         if self.value is None:
-            self.value:bool = self.DefaultValue
+            self.value: bool = self.DefaultValue
 
     value: bool = None
     DefaultValue: bool = value

src/geophires_x/WellBores.py

@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ def ProdPressureDropAndPumpingPowerUsingIndexes(
         pumpdepthfinal_m = np.max(pumpdepth_m)
         if pumpdepthfinal_m < 0.0:
             pumpdepthfinal_m = 0.0
-            msg = (f'GEOPHIRES calculates negative production well pumping depth. ({pumpdepthfinal_m:.2f}m)'
+            msg = (f'GEOPHIRES calculates negative production well pumping depth. ({pumpdepthfinal_m:.2f}m). '
                    f'No production well pumps will be assumed')
             print(f'Warning: {msg}')
             model.logger.warning(msg)

src/geophires_x/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = '3.8.0'
+__version__ = '3.8.4'

src/geophires_x_schema_generator/geophires-request.json

@@ -1580,6 +1580,15 @@
       "minimum": 0.0,
       "maximum": 1.0
     },
+    "Discount Initial Year Cashflow": {
+      "description": "Whether to discount cashflow in the initial project year when calculating NPV (Net Present Value). The default value of False conforms to NREL's standard convention for NPV calculation (Short W et al, 1995. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/old/5173.pdf). A value of True will, by contrast, cause NPV calculation to follow the convention used by Excel, Google Sheets, and other common spreadsheet software. Although NREL's NPV convention may typically be considered more technically correct, Excel-style NPV calculation might be preferred for familiarity or compatibility with existing business processes. See https://github.com/NREL/GEOPHIRES-X/discussions/344 for further details.",
+      "type": "boolean",
+      "units": null,
+      "category": "Economics",
+      "default": false,
+      "minimum": null,
+      "maximum": null
+    },
     "Fraction of Investment in Bonds": {
       "description": "Fraction of geothermal project financing through bonds (see docs)",
       "type": "number",

tests/geophires_x_tests/test_economics.py

@@ -2,27 +2,31 @@
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 
-from geophires_x.Economics import CalculateFinancialPerformance
+import numpy_financial as npf
+
+# ruff: noqa: I001  # Successful module initialization is dependent on this specific import order.
 from geophires_x.Model import Model
+from geophires_x.Economics import CalculateFinancialPerformance
 from tests.base_test_case import BaseTestCase
 
 
 class EconomicsTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    @staticmethod
+    def cumm_revenue(total_revenue):
+        cumm_revenue = [total_revenue[0]] * len(total_revenue)
+        cumm_revenue[1] = total_revenue[1]
+        for i in range(2, len(total_revenue)):
+            cumm_revenue[i] = cumm_revenue[i - 1] + total_revenue[i]
+        return cumm_revenue
+
     def test_irr(self):
         """
         Test cases adapted from https://numpy.org/numpy-financial/latest/irr.html
         """
 
-        def cumm_revenue(total_revenue):
-            cumm_revenue = [total_revenue[0]] * len(total_revenue)
-            cumm_revenue[1] = total_revenue[1]
-            for i in range(2, len(total_revenue)):
-                cumm_revenue[i] = cumm_revenue[i - 1] + total_revenue[i]
-            return cumm_revenue
-
         def calc_irr(total_revenue):
             NPV, IRR, VIR, MOIC = CalculateFinancialPerformance(
-                30, 5, total_revenue, cumm_revenue(total_revenue), 1000, 10
+                30, 5, total_revenue, EconomicsTestCase.cumm_revenue(total_revenue), 1000, 10
             )
 
             return IRR
@@ -33,6 +37,45 @@ def calc_irr(total_revenue):
         self.assertAlmostEqual(6.21, calc_irr([-100, 100, 0, 7]), places=2)
         self.assertAlmostEqual(8.86, calc_irr([-5, 10.5, 1, -8, 1]), places=2)
 
+    def test_npv(self):
+        """
+        Includes sanity checks that numpy-financial.npv used by CalculateFinancialPerformance
+        matches reference calculations
+        """
+
+        rate = 0.12
+
+        def calc_npv(total_revenue, discount_initial_year_cashflow=False):
+            NPV, IRR, VIR, MOIC = CalculateFinancialPerformance(
+                len(total_revenue) + 1,
+                rate * 100,
+                total_revenue,
+                EconomicsTestCase.cumm_revenue(total_revenue),
+                total_revenue[0],
+                10,
+                discount_initial_year_cashflow=discount_initial_year_cashflow,
+            )
+
+            return NPV
+
+        # https://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/old/5173.pdf, p. 41
+        cashflow_series = [-10000, 7274, 6558, 6223, 6087, 6259]
+
+        npf_npv = npf.npv(rate, cashflow_series)
+        self.assertEqual(13572, round(npf_npv))
+
+        geophires_npv = calc_npv(cashflow_series)
+        self.assertEqual(13572, round(geophires_npv))
+
+        # https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/npv-function-8672cb67-2576-4d07-b67b-ac28acf2a568
+        rate = 0.1
+        cashflow_series = [-10000, 3000, 4200, 6800]
+        excel_npv = npf.npv(rate, [0, *cashflow_series])
+        self.assertEqual(1188.44, round(excel_npv, 2))
+
+        geophires_npv = calc_npv(cashflow_series, discount_initial_year_cashflow=True)
+        self.assertEqual(1188.44, round(geophires_npv, 2))
+
     def test_well_drilling_cost_correlation_tooltiptext(self):
         ec = self._new_model().economics
         self.assertEqual(

tests/test_geophires_x.py

@@ -572,24 +572,63 @@ def assertHasLogRecordWithMessage(logs_, message):
         with self.assertLogs(level='INFO') as logs:
             result = client.get_geophires_result(input_params(discount_rate='0.042'))
 
-            assert result is not None
-            assert result.result['ECONOMIC PARAMETERS']['Interest Rate']['value'] == 4.2
-            assert result.result['ECONOMIC PARAMETERS']['Interest Rate']['unit'] == '%'
+            self.assertIsNotNone(result)
+            self.assertEqual(4.2, result.result['ECONOMIC PARAMETERS']['Interest Rate']['value'])
+            self.assertEqual('%', result.result['ECONOMIC PARAMETERS']['Interest Rate']['unit'])
             assertHasLogRecordWithMessage(
                 logs, 'Set Fixed Internal Rate to 4.2 percent because Discount Rate was provided (0.042)'
             )
 
         with self.assertLogs(level='INFO') as logs2:
             result2 = client.get_geophires_result(input_params(fixed_internal_rate='4.2'))
 
-            assert result2 is not None
-            assert result2.result['ECONOMIC PARAMETERS']['Interest Rate']['value'] == 4.2
-            assert result2.result['ECONOMIC PARAMETERS']['Interest Rate']['unit'] == '%'
+            self.assertIsNotNone(result2)
+            self.assertEqual(4.2, result2.result['ECONOMIC PARAMETERS']['Interest Rate']['value'])
+            self.assertEqual('%', result2.result['ECONOMIC PARAMETERS']['Interest Rate']['unit'])
 
             assertHasLogRecordWithMessage(
                 logs2, 'Set Discount Rate to 0.042 because Fixed Internal Rate was provided (4.2 percent)'
             )
 
+    def test_discount_initial_year_cashflow(self):
+        def _get_result(base_example: str, do_discount: bool) -> GeophiresXResult:
+            return GeophiresXClient().get_geophires_result(
+                GeophiresInputParameters(
+                    # TODO switch over to generic EGS case to avoid thrash from example updates
+                    # from_file_path=self._get_test_file_path('geophires_x_tests/generic-egs-case.txt'),
+                    from_file_path=self._get_test_file_path(f'examples/{base_example}.txt'),
+                    params={
+                        'Discount Initial Year Cashflow': do_discount,
+                    },
+                )
+            )
+
+        def _npv(r: GeophiresXResult) -> dict:
+            return r.result['ECONOMIC PARAMETERS']['Project NPV']['value']
+
+        self.assertEqual(4580.36, _npv(_get_result('Fervo_Project_Cape-3', False)))
+        self.assertEqual(4280.71, _npv(_get_result('Fervo_Project_Cape-3', True)))
+
+        def _extended_economics_npv(r: GeophiresXResult) -> dict:
+            return r.result['EXTENDED ECONOMICS']['Project NPV   (including AddOns)']['value']
+
+        add_ons_result_without_discount = _get_result('example1_addons', False)
+        add_ons_result_with_discount = _get_result('example1_addons', True)
+
+        self.assertGreater(_npv(add_ons_result_without_discount), _npv(add_ons_result_with_discount))
+
+        ee_npv_without_discount = _extended_economics_npv(add_ons_result_without_discount)
+        assert ee_npv_without_discount < 0, (
+            'Test is expecting example1_addons extended economics NPV to be negative '
+            'as a precondition - if this error is encountered, '
+            'create a test-only copy of the previous version of example1_addons and '
+            'use it in this test (like geophires_x_tests/generic-egs-case.txt).'
+        )
+
+        # Discounting first year causes negative NPVs to be less negative (according to Google Sheets,
+        # which was used to manually validate the expected NPVs here).
+        self.assertLess(ee_npv_without_discount, _extended_economics_npv(add_ons_result_with_discount))
+
     def test_transmission_pipeline_cost(self):
         result = GeophiresXClient().get_geophires_result(
             GeophiresInputParameters(