add spatial intervals validation

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 
 ## Unreleased
 
-- Add datetime validation for collection's time intervals (Must follow [`RFC 3339, section 5.6.`](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3339#section-5.6))
+- Add validation for collection's spatial intervals
+- Add validation for collection's time intervals
 
 ## 3.2.0 (2025-03-20)
 

stac_pydantic/collection.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
     Provider,
     StacBaseModel,
     UtcDatetime,
+    validate_bbox,
 )
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -21,6 +22,90 @@
     TInterval = conlist(StartEndTime, min_length=1)
 
 
+def validate_bbox_interval(v: List[BBox]) -> List[BBox]:  # noqa: C901
+    ivalues = iter(v)
+
+    # The first time interval always describes the overall spatial extent of the data.
+    overall_bbox = next(ivalues, None)
+    if not overall_bbox:
+        return v
+
+    assert validate_bbox(overall_bbox)
+
+    if len(overall_bbox) == 4:
+        xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax = overall_bbox
+    else:
+        xmin, ymin, _, xmax, ymax, _ = overall_bbox
+
+    crossing_antimeridian = xmin > xmax
+    for bbox in ivalues:
+        error_msg = ValueError(
+            f"`BBOX` {bbox} not fully contained in `Overall BBOX` {overall_bbox}"
+        )
+        _ = validate_bbox(bbox)
+
+        if len(bbox) == 4:
+            xmin_sub, ymin_sub, xmax_sub, ymax_sub = bbox
+        else:
+            xmin_sub, ymin_sub, _, xmax_sub, ymax_sub, _ = bbox
+
+        if not ((ymin_sub >= ymin) and (ymax_sub <= ymax)):
+            raise error_msg
+
+        sub_crossing_antimeridian = xmin_sub > xmax_sub
+        if not crossing_antimeridian and sub_crossing_antimeridian:
+            raise error_msg
+
+        elif crossing_antimeridian:
+            #                           Antimeridian
+            #                          + 180 │ - 180                        0
+            #       [176,1,179,3]            │                              │
+            #            │                   │                              │
+            #            │                   │                              │
+            #            │                   │                              │     [-178,1,-176,3]
+            #            │  ┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐     │           │
+            #            │  │                │                        │     │           │
+            #            │  │  ┌──────┐      │        ┌─────────┐     │     │           │
+            #            └──│──►  2   │      │        │    1    │     │     │           │
+            #               │  │      │      │        │         │◄────│─────┼───────────┘
+            #               │  └──────┘      │        └─────────┘     │     │
+            #               │                │                        │     │         0
+            #   ────────────│────────────────┼────────────────────────│─────┼──────────
+            #               │                │                        │     │
+            #               │         ┌──────────────┐                │     │
+            #               │         │      │       │                │     │
+            #               │         │      │  3    │                │     │
+            #               │         │      │       │◄────────┐      │◄────┼─────── [175,-3,-174,5]
+            #               │         │      │       │         │      │     │
+            #               │         └──────────────┘         │      │     │
+            #               │                │                 │      │     │
+            #               └──────────────────────────────────┼──────┘     │
+            #                                │                 │            │
+            #                                │                 │            │
+            #                                │                 │            │
+            #                                │                 │            │
+            #                                │          [179,-2,-179,-1]    │
+
+            # Case 3
+            if sub_crossing_antimeridian:
+                if not (xmin_sub > xmin and xmax_sub < xmax):
+                    raise error_msg
+
+            # case 1
+            elif xmax_sub <= 0 and xmax_sub > xmax:
+                raise error_msg
+
+            # case 2
+            elif xmin_sub >= 0 and xmin_sub < xmin:
+                raise error_msg
+
+        else:
+            if not ((xmin_sub >= xmin) and (xmax_sub <= xmax)):
+                raise error_msg
+
+    return v
+
+
 def validate_time_interval(v: TInterval) -> TInterval:  # noqa: C901
     ivalues = iter(v)
 
@@ -61,7 +146,7 @@ class SpatialExtent(StacBaseModel):
     https://github.com/radiantearth/stac-spec/blob/v1.0.0/collection-spec/collection-spec.md#spatial-extent-object
     """
 
-    bbox: List[BBox]
+    bbox: Annotated[List[BBox], AfterValidator(validate_bbox_interval)]
 
 
 class TimeInterval(StacBaseModel):

stac_pydantic/shared.py

@@ -266,7 +266,14 @@ def validate_bbox(v: Optional[BBox]) -> Optional[BBox]:
         if xmin < -180 or ymin < -90 or xmax > 180 or ymax > 90:
             raise ValueError("Bounding box must be within (-180, -90, 180, 90)")
 
+        if xmax < xmin and (xmax > 0 or xmin < 0):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Maximum longitude ({xmax}) must be greater than minimum ({xmin}) longitude when not crossing the Antimeridian"
+            )
+
         if ymax < ymin:
-            raise ValueError("Maximum latitude must be greater than minimum latitude")
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Maximum latitude ({ymax}) must be greater than minimum latitude  ({ymin})"
+            )
 
     return v

tests/api/test_search.py

@@ -150,6 +150,12 @@ def test_search_geometry_bbox():
         (100.0, 1.0, 105.0, 0.0),  # ymin greater than ymax
         (100.0, 0.0, 5.0, 105.0, 1.0, 4.0),  # min elev greater than max elev
         (-200.0, 0.0, 105.0, 1.0),  # xmin is invalid WGS84
+        (
+            105.0,
+            0.0,
+            100.0,
+            1.0,
+        ),  # xmin greater than xmax but not crossing Antimeridian
         (100.0, -100, 105.0, 1.0),  # ymin is invalid WGS84
         (100.0, 0.0, 190.0, 1.0),  # xmax is invalid WGS84
         (100.0, 0.0, 190.0, 100.0),  # ymax is invalid WGS84

tests/test_models.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 from shapely.geometry import shape
 
 from stac_pydantic import Collection, Item, ItemProperties
-from stac_pydantic.collection import TimeInterval
+from stac_pydantic.collection import SpatialExtent, TimeInterval
 from stac_pydantic.extensions import _fetch_and_cache_schema, validate_extensions
 from stac_pydantic.links import Link, Links
 from stac_pydantic.shared import MimeTypes, StacCommonMetadata
@@ -407,3 +407,56 @@ def test_time_intervals_invalid(interval) -> None:
 def test_time_intervals_valid(interval) -> None:
     """Check Time Interval model."""
     assert TimeInterval(interval=interval)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "bboxes",
+    [
+        # invalid Y order
+        [[0, 1, 1, 0]],
+        # invalid X order (if crossing Antimeridian limit, xmin > 0)
+        [[-169, 0, -170, 1]],
+        # invalid X order (if crossing Antimeridian limit, xmax < 0)
+        [[170, 0, 169, 1]],
+        # sub-sequent crossing Y
+        [[0, 0, 2, 2], [0.5, 0.5, 2.0, 2.5]],
+        # sub-sequent crossing X
+        [[0, 0, 2, 2], [0.5, 0.5, 2.5, 2.0]],
+        # sub-sequent crossing Antimeridian limit
+        [[0, 0, 2, 2], [1, 0, -179, 1]],
+        # both crossing Antimeridian limit but sub-sequent cross has min lat -176 > -178
+        [[2, 0, -178, 2], [1, 0, -176, 1]],
+        # sub-sequent cross Antimeridian but not the overall
+        [[0, 0, 2, 2], [1, 0, -176, 1]],
+        # overall crossing and sub-sequent not within bounds
+        [[2, 0, -178, 2], [-179, 0, -176, 1]],
+        # overall crossing and sub-sequent not within bounds
+        [[2, 0, -178, 2], [1, 0, 3, 1]],
+    ],
+)
+def test_spatial_intervals_invalid(bboxes) -> None:
+    """Check invalid Spatial Interval model."""
+    with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+        SpatialExtent(bbox=bboxes)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "bboxes",
+    [
+        [[0, 0, 1, 1]],
+        # Same on both side
+        [[0, 0, 2, 2], [0, 0, 2, 2]],
+        [[0, 0, 2, 2], [0.5, 0.5, 1.5, 1.5]],
+        # crossing Antimeridian limit
+        [[2, 0, -178, 2]],
+        # Case 1: overall crossing Antimeridian, sub-sequent bbox not crossing (but within overall right part)
+        [[2, 0, -178, 2], [-179, 0, -178, 1]],
+        # Case 2: overall crossing Antimeridian, sub-sequent bbox not crossing (but within overall left part)
+        [[2, 0, -178, 2], [179, 0, 180, 1]],
+        # Case 3: overall and sub-sequent crossing Antimeridian
+        [[2, 0, -178, 2], [3, 0, -179, 1]],
+    ],
+)
+def test_spatial_intervals_valid(bboxes) -> None:
+    """Check Spatial Interval model."""
+    assert SpatialExtent(bbox=bboxes)