llext: add tests for init arrays

doc/services/llext/load.rst

@@ -24,6 +24,32 @@ successfully, the extension is loaded into memory and is ready to be used.
    included in any user memory domain. To allow access from user mode, the
    :c:func:`llext_add_domain` function must be called.
 
+Initializing and cleaning up the extension
+==========================================
+
+The extension may define a number of initialization functions that must be
+called after loading but before any function in it can be used; this is typical
+in languages such as C++ that provide the concept of object constructors. The
+same is true for cleanup functions that must be called before unloading the
+extension.
+
+LLEXT supports calling the functions listed in the ``.preinit_array`` and
+``.init_array`` sections of the ELF file with the :c:func:`llext_bringup`
+function, and the functions listed in the ``.fini_array`` section with the
+:c:func:`llext_teardown` function. These APIs are compatible with
+:ref:`User Mode <usermode_api>`, and thus can be called from either kernel or
+user context.
+
+.. important::
+   The code run by these functions is fully determined by the contents of the
+   ELF file. This may have security implications if its origin is untrusted.
+
+If the extension requires a dedicated thread, the :c:func:`llext_bootstrap`
+function can be used to minimize boilerplate code. This function has a
+signature that is compatible with the :c:func:`k_thread_create` API, and will
+call :c:func:`llext_bringup`, then a user-specified function in the same
+context, and finally :c:func:`llext_teardown` before returning.
+
 Accessing code and data
 =======================
 

include/zephyr/llext/elf.h

@@ -206,6 +206,9 @@ struct elf64_shdr {
 #define SHT_NOBITS 0x8          /**< Program data with no file image */
 #define SHT_REL 0x9             /**< Relocation entries without addends */
 #define SHT_DYNSYM 0xB          /**< Dynamic linking symbol table */
+#define SHT_INIT_ARRAY 0xe      /**< Array of pointers to init functions */
+#define SHT_FINI_ARRAY 0xf      /**< Array of pointers to termination functions */
+#define SHT_PREINIT_ARRAY 0x10  /**< Array of pointers to early init functions */
 
 /** ELF section flags */
 #define SHF_WRITE 0x1           /**< Section is writable */

include/zephyr/llext/llext.h

@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ enum llext_mem {
 	LLEXT_MEM_SYMTAB,       /**< Symbol table */
 	LLEXT_MEM_STRTAB,       /**< Symbol name strings */
 	LLEXT_MEM_SHSTRTAB,     /**< Section name strings */
+	LLEXT_MEM_PREINIT,      /**< Array of early setup functions */
+	LLEXT_MEM_INIT,         /**< Array of setup functions */
+	LLEXT_MEM_FINI,         /**< Array of cleanup functions */
 
 	LLEXT_MEM_COUNT,        /**< Number of regions managed by LLEXT */
 };
@@ -183,6 +186,74 @@ int llext_load(struct llext_loader *loader, const char *name, struct llext **ext
  */
 int llext_unload(struct llext **ext);
 
+/** @brief Entry point function signature for an extension. */
+typedef void (*llext_entry_fn_t)(void *user_data);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Calls bringup functions for an extension.
+ *
+ * Must be called before accessing any symbol in the extension. Will execute
+ * the extension's own setup functions in the caller context.
+ * @see llext_bootstrap
+ *
+ * @param[in] ext Extension to initialize.
+ * @returns 0 on success, or a negative error code.
+ * @retval -EFAULT A relocation issue was detected
+ */
+int llext_bringup(struct llext *ext);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Calls teardown functions for an extension.
+ *
+ * Will execute the extension's own cleanup functions in the caller context.
+ * After this function completes, the extension is no longer usable and must be
+ * fully unloaded with @ref llext_unload.
+ * @see llext_bootstrap
+ *
+ * @param[in] ext Extension to de-initialize.
+ * @returns 0 on success, or a negative error code.
+ * @retval -EFAULT A relocation issue was detected
+ */
+int llext_teardown(struct llext *ext);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Bring up, execute, and teardown an extension.
+ *
+ * Calls the extension's own setup functions, an additional entry point and
+ * the extension's cleanup functions in the current thread context.
+ *
+ * This is a convenient wrapper around @ref llext_bringup and @ref
+ * llext_teardown that matches the @ref k_thread_entry_t signature, so it can
+ * be directly started as a new user or kernel thread via @ref k_thread_create.
+ *
+ * @param[in] ext Extension to execute. Passed as `p1` in @ref k_thread_create.
+ * @param[in] entry_fn Main entry point of the thread after performing
+ *                     extension setup. Passed as `p2` in @ref k_thread_create.
+ * @param[in] user_data Argument passed to @a entry_fn. Passed as `p3` in
+ *                      @ref k_thread_create.
+ */
+void llext_bootstrap(struct llext *ext, llext_entry_fn_t entry_fn, void *user_data);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Get pointers to setup or cleanup functions for an extension.
+ *
+ * This syscall can be used to get the addresses of all the functions that
+ * have to be called for full extension setup or cleanup.
+ *
+ * @see llext_bootstrap
+ *
+ * @param[in]    ext Extension to initialize.
+ * @param[in]    is_init `true` to get functions to be called at setup time,
+ *                       `false` to get the cleanup ones.
+ * @param[inout] buf Buffer to store the function pointers in. Can be `NULL`
+ *                   to only get the minimum required size.
+ * @param[in]    size Allocated size of the buffer in bytes.
+ * @returns the size used by the array in bytes, or a negative error code.
+ * @retval -EFAULT A relocation issue was detected
+ * @retval -ENOMEM Array does not fit in the allocated buffer
+ */
+__syscall ssize_t llext_get_fn_table(struct llext *ext, bool is_init, void *buf, size_t size);
+
 /**
  * @brief Find the address for an arbitrary symbol.
  *
@@ -252,8 +323,8 @@ int arch_elf_relocate(elf_rela_t *rel, uintptr_t loc,
  *
  * Searches for a section by name in the ELF file and returns its offset.
  *
- * @param loader Extension loader data and context
- * @param search_name Section name to search for
+ * @param[in] loader Extension loader data and context
+ * @param[in] search_name Section name to search for
  * @returns the section offset or a negative error code
  */
 ssize_t llext_find_section(struct llext_loader *loader, const char *search_name);
@@ -278,4 +349,6 @@ void arch_elf_relocate_local(struct llext_loader *loader, struct llext *ext,
 }
 #endif
 
+#include <zephyr/syscalls/llext.h>
+
 #endif /* ZEPHYR_LLEXT_H */

subsys/llext/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 if(CONFIG_LLEXT)
+  zephyr_syscall_header(${ZEPHYR_BASE}/include/zephyr/llext/llext.h)
+
   zephyr_library()
 
   # For strnlen()
@@ -10,6 +12,7 @@ if(CONFIG_LLEXT)
 		llext_load.c
 		llext_link.c
 		llext_export.c
+		llext_handlers.c
 		buf_loader.c
 	)
   zephyr_library_sources_ifdef(CONFIG_LLEXT_SHELL shell.c)

subsys/llext/llext.c

@@ -273,3 +273,66 @@ int llext_call_fn(struct llext *ext, const char *sym_name)
 
 	return 0;
 }
+
+static int call_fn_table(struct llext *ext, bool is_init)
+{
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	ret = llext_get_fn_table(ext, is_init, NULL, 0);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		LOG_ERR("Failed to get table size: %d", (int)ret);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	typedef void (*elf_void_fn_t)(void);
+
+	int fn_count = ret / sizeof(elf_void_fn_t);
+	elf_void_fn_t fn_table[fn_count];
+
+	ret = llext_get_fn_table(ext, is_init, &fn_table, sizeof(fn_table));
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		LOG_ERR("Failed to get function table: %d", (int)ret);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < fn_count; i++) {
+		LOG_DBG("calling %s function %p()",
+			is_init ? "bringup" : "teardown", fn_table[i]);
+		fn_table[i]();
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+inline int llext_bringup(struct llext *ext)
+{
+	return call_fn_table(ext, true);
+}
+
+inline int llext_teardown(struct llext *ext)
+{
+	return call_fn_table(ext, false);
+}
+
+void llext_bootstrap(struct llext *ext, llext_entry_fn_t entry_fn, void *user_data)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Call initialization functions */
+	ret = llext_bringup(ext);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		LOG_ERR("Failed to call init functions: %d", ret);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* Start extension main function */
+	LOG_DBG("calling entry function %p(%p)", entry_fn, user_data);
+	entry_fn(user_data);
+
+	/* Call de-initialization functions */
+	ret = llext_teardown(ext);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		LOG_ERR("Failed to call de-init functions: %d", ret);
+		return;
+	}
+}

subsys/llext/llext_handlers.c

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 Arduino SA
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <zephyr/llext/llext.h>
+#include <zephyr/llext/loader.h>
+#include <zephyr/internal/syscall_handler.h>
+#include <zephyr/kernel.h>
+
+#include <zephyr/logging/log.h>
+LOG_MODULE_DECLARE(llext, CONFIG_LLEXT_LOG_LEVEL);
+
+#include "llext_priv.h"
+
+ssize_t z_impl_llext_get_fn_table(struct llext *ext, bool is_init, void *buf, size_t buf_size)
+{
+	size_t table_size;
+
+	if (!ext) {
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (is_init) {
+		table_size = ext->mem_size[LLEXT_MEM_PREINIT] +
+			     ext->mem_size[LLEXT_MEM_INIT];
+	} else {
+		table_size = ext->mem_size[LLEXT_MEM_FINI];
+	}
+
+	if (buf) {
+		char *byte_ptr = buf;
+
+		if (buf_size < table_size) {
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		}
+
+		if (is_init) {
+			/* setup functions from preinit_array and init_array */
+			memcpy(byte_ptr,
+			       ext->mem[LLEXT_MEM_PREINIT], ext->mem_size[LLEXT_MEM_PREINIT]);
+			memcpy(byte_ptr + ext->mem_size[LLEXT_MEM_PREINIT],
+			       ext->mem[LLEXT_MEM_INIT], ext->mem_size[LLEXT_MEM_INIT]);
+		} else {
+			/* cleanup functions from fini_array */
+			memcpy(byte_ptr,
+			       ext->mem[LLEXT_MEM_FINI], ext->mem_size[LLEXT_MEM_FINI]);
+		}
+
+		/* Sanity check: pointers in this table must map inside the
+		 * text region of the extension. If this fails, something went
+		 * wrong during the relocation process.
+		 * Using "char *" for these simplifies pointer arithmetic.
+		 */
+		const char *text_start = ext->mem[LLEXT_MEM_TEXT];
+		const char *text_end = text_start + ext->mem_size[LLEXT_MEM_TEXT];
+		const char **fn_ptrs = buf;
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < table_size / sizeof(void *); i++) {
+			if (fn_ptrs[i] < text_start || fn_ptrs[i] >= text_end) {
+				LOG_ERR("init function %i (%p) outside text region",
+					i, fn_ptrs[i]);
+				return -EFAULT;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return table_size;
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_USERSPACE
+
+static int ext_is_valid(struct llext *ext, void *arg)
+{
+	return ext == arg;
+}
+
+static inline ssize_t z_vrfy_llext_get_fn_table(struct llext *ext, bool is_init,
+						void *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	/* Test that ext matches a loaded extension */
+	K_OOPS(llext_iterate(ext_is_valid, ext) == 0);
+
+	if (buf) {
+		/* Test that buf is a valid user-accessible pointer */
+		K_OOPS(K_SYSCALL_MEMORY_WRITE(buf, size));
+	}
+
+	return z_impl_llext_get_fn_table(ext, is_init, buf, size);
+}
+#include <zephyr/syscalls/llext_get_fn_table_mrsh.c>
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_USERSPACE */