DHCP: Timezone

Setting Timezone via DHCP

Introduction

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) can deliver timezone information to clients, improving time synchronization without manual setup. This uses vendor-specific options defined in RFC 4833.

DHCP Options

• Option 100 (PCode): POSIX timezone string (e.g., "EST5EDT").
• Option 101 (TCode): IANA TZ database name (e.g., "America/New_York").

Clients request these via Parameter-Request List (option 55). Servers include them in DHCP Offers and ACKs if requested.

Server Configuration

Configure on DHCP servers like MikroTik, pfSense, or OpenWRT:

• Define options (e.g., code 100 value "EST5EDT", code 101 value "America/New_York").
• Assign to network/subnet.
• Example (MikroTik):

  /ip dhcp-server option add code=100 name=pcode value="'EST5EDT'"
  /ip dhcp-server option add code=101 name=tcode value="'America/New_York'"
  /ip dhcp-server network set 0 dhcp-option="pcode,tcode"
  

• Example (Openwrt - /etc/config/dhcp):

  config dhcp 'lan'
    option interface 'lan'
    option start '100'
    option limit '150'
    option leasetime '12h'
    option dhcpv4 'server'
    list dhcp_option '42,192.168.10.1'
    list dhcp_option '101,"Europe/Berlin"'
  

Renew client leases to apply.

Client Support

Embedded Linux (udhcpc) requests with -O 100 -O 101. Thingino uses udhcpc as dhcp client. Windows and Raspberry Pi support via APIs. Verify with tcpdump or Wireshark.

• Thingino gets ntp server from DHCP Option 42 ($ntpsrv) and sets this server in /etc/ntp.conf
• Thingino gets timezone from DHCP Option 101 ($tzdbstr) and uses tzselect to setup this timezone
• Thingino currently doesnt do anything with DHCP Option 100 ($tzstr) from dhcp server

Configuration Examples

Using dnsmasq

# Option 100 - POSIX TZ Code
dhcp-option=100,"NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0/2,M4.1.0/3"
# Option 101 - TCode
dhcp-option=101,"Pacific/Auckland"

Using Junos Apply groups

set groups default-dhcp-attributes routing-instances <*> access address-assignment pool <*> family inet dhcp-attributes option 100 string NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0/2,M4.1.0/3
set groups default-dhcp-attributes routing-instances <*> access address-assignment pool <*> family inet dhcp-attributes option 101 string Pacific/Auckland

Using ISC DHCP server

option PCode code 100 = text;
option TCode code 101 = text;
option PCode "NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0/2,M4.1.0/3";
option TCode "Pacific/Auckland";

Using RouterOS DHCP server

/ip dhcp-server option add code=100 name=pcode value="'EST5EDT'"
/ip dhcp-server option add code=101 name=tcode value="'America/New_York'"
/ip dhcp-server network set 0 dhcp-option="pcode,tcode"