Fix error reporting in Windows preset build job

[GregoryComer]

Update the Windows preset build job to accurately report failure. Previously, it was silently failing.

I've updated the script to explicitly check the last exit code. I'm not entirely sure why ErrorActionPreference=Stop isn't doing this. I played around with the escaping a bit and also added PSNativeCommandUseErrorActionPreference = True, but haven't gotten it to fail on exit code. It might be possible to make this work, but I'm just adding an explicit check for now.

[GregoryComer]

Stack from ghstack (oldest at bottom):

• Fix portable library build on Windows #13260
• Fix XNNPACK build on Windows #13259
• Create Windows CMake preset #13257
• Fix devtools CMake build failure on Windows #13251
• -> Fix error reporting in Windows preset build job #13247
• Always run build-presets workflow on PRs/pushes #13243

[pytorch-bot]

🔗 Helpful Links

🧪 See artifacts and rendered test results at hud.pytorch.org/pr/pytorch/executorch/13247

• 📄 Preview Python docs built from this PR

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❌ 3 New Failures, 1 Unrelated Failure

As of commit 5b1330b with merge base 4ce7078 ():

NEW FAILURES - The following jobs have failed:

• Build documentation / build (buck2) / Build doc (gh)
  At least one of the pre-conditions you specified did not hold
• Build Presets / windows (pybind) / build (gh)
• pull / test-moshi-linux / linux-job (gh)
  RuntimeError: Command docker exec -t a848f1d80e305a50a13b14a8c4bf320fd58d69b8122692a4099be3d401ab6005 /exec failed with exit code 1

BROKEN TRUNK - The following job failed but were present on the merge base:

👉 Rebase onto the `viable/strict` branch to avoid these failures

• pull / test-openvino-linux / linux-job (gh) (trunk failure)
  AttributeError: '_OpNamespace' 'quantized_decomposed' object has no attribute 'convert_element_type'

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[GregoryComer]

Note that the Windows CI failure is expected, given the current state of the job.

[GregoryComer]

Tracking issue: #12962.